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Scoring Methodology

Every score on InsiderTrack is explainable. Here is exactly how we calculate trade confidence, buy/sell signals, and what each component measures.

Why transparency matters

Competitors charge significant monthly fees for black-box AI scores with no explanation of how they are calculated. We believe if you are making investment decisions based on a score, you should know exactly how it is derived.

Every component on this page maps directly to the scoring code running in production. The weights shown are the actual weights used. Nothing is hidden.

Not investment advice. Scores are informational tools derived from public data. Past signal performance does not guarantee future results.

Academic foundation

The scoring model incorporates findings from academic research on insider trading patterns:

  • Filtered purchases outperform unfiltered by 9.2 percentage points annually (21.6% vs 12.4% one-year returns). Analysis of approximately 900,000 trades from 2009 to 2024.
  • 70 to 80% of insider trade alpha dissipates between transaction date and SEC filing date. Speed and timeliness matter. This is why filing delay is a scored component.
  • Cluster buying outperforms single-insider buying by 4 to 6% annually. When two or more insiders at the same company buy within days of each other, the signal is qualitatively stronger. This is why cluster support is a multiplier, not an additive term.

Score interpretation

All scores run from 0 to 1 and share the same label thresholds throughout the app:

LabelRangeMeaning
Strong0.75 and aboveHigh-conviction signal with multiple corroborating factors
Good0.55 to 0.74Solid signal worth attention
Moderate0.35 to 0.54Some evidence but limited corroboration
WeakBelow 0.35Insufficient evidence or low-quality signal

Trade Confidence Score

Each confirmed trade receives a confidence score from 0 to 1, computed from 14 weighted components that sum to a maximum of 1.0.

ComponentMax weightWhat it measures
Inference0.20LLM extraction confidence, weighted by source reliability. SEC filings receive the highest multiplier; social media posts receive lower weights.
Evidence Count0.15Number of corroborating source documents. Saturates at 2 sources.
Discussion Sentiment0.15Ratio of positive to negative social discussion. Decays with signal age.
Cross-Connector Diversity0.15Number of distinct data sources (SEC, Reddit, HackerNews) mentioning the trade. Decays with signal age.
Trade Significance0.18Composite of transaction value tier, insider seniority, and ownership change magnitude. Rewards large, meaningful trades by senior insiders.
Corroboration0.10Logarithmic scale of cross-source mentions. Saturates around 8 mentions to prevent viral posts from overwhelming the score.
Keyword Signal0.10NLP-extracted trading signal strength from post text. Decays over 24 hours.
Transaction Scale0.08Dollar value tier: under $25K (low), $25K to $100K (moderate), $100K to $500K (notable), $500K to $2M (significant), $2M+ (exceptional).
Transaction Type0.08SEC Form 4 transaction code. Open-market purchases (P) score highest; tax withholding sales (F) and dispositions (D) score lowest.
Insider Title0.08Role seniority: CEO and President score highest, Directors score moderately, 10% owners score lower.
Source Context0.08Completeness of extracted data fields: source URL (0.03), trade date (0.02), insider name (0.02), company name (0.01).
Ownership Change0.07Percentage change in the insider's total holdings. A 10% position change signals higher conviction than a 0.1% change.
Filing Timeliness0.05Days between trade and SEC filing. 2 days or fewer scores the maximum; 30+ days scores zero.
Direct Ownership0.04Flat bonus for directly held shares. Derivative positions (options, RSUs) score zero on this component.

Components that incorporate social signals (keyword, sentiment, cross-connector diversity) use exponential temporal decay with a 24-hour half-life. A Reddit discussion from 3 days ago contributes approximately 12% of its original signal weight.

Buy/Sell Signal Score

The buy/sell signal measures directional conviction. It answers: how strong is the evidence that this insider is bullish or bearish on their own company?

ComponentMax weightDescription
Price Follow-Through0.34The largest single component. Did the stock price move in the expected direction after the trade? Centered at 0% return (neutral = 0.5). Buys need upward price movement; sells need downward movement.
Filing Timeliness0.14Same formula as trade confidence: faster filings indicate more deliberate trades.
Action Bias0.12 buy / 0.07 sellBuys start with a higher base weight than sells. Insider purchases are rarer and historically more informative than sales, which can be driven by diversification or liquidity needs.
Transaction Scale0.09Same dollar-value tier system as trade confidence.
Ownership Change0.08Percentage change in the insider's holdings after the trade.
Transaction Type0.08SEC transaction code quality (P, S, A, M, F, D).
Insider Title0.05Role seniority of the filing insider.
Cross-Connector Diversity0.03Number of distinct data sources corroborating this trade. Decays with signal age.
Cluster Supportmultiplier1.0x for a solo insider trade, scaling up to 1.5x when 4 or more insiders at the same company trade in the same direction within a window. Applied multiplicatively to the full base score.

Cluster support is multiplicative, not additive. When multiple insiders at the same company trade in the same direction, the entire signal is amplified rather than having a flat bonus added. A solo trade scoring 0.60 with 4 concurrent cluster insiders becomes 0.90 (0.60 x 1.5).

Insider Confidence

We also score insider identity confidence to ensure the person behind each trade is correctly resolved. This uses 11 components including role verification, trade history, alias matching, and cross-source corroboration. Low-confidence insiders are flagged for manual review and excluded from high-confidence signal feeds.

Data sources

  • SEC EDGAR Form 4 filings: primary source, highest reliability. All Section 16 insider trades reported to the SEC.
  • Reddit: r/investing, r/stocks, r/wallstreetbets, r/options, and related communities.
  • Hacker News: financial discussions and company news threads.

SEC filings are the primary source and receive the highest reliability multiplier in scoring. Social media signals are useful for corroboration and timing context but receive lower base weights and are subject to temporal decay.

Versioning

This methodology is versioned (currently Trade Confidence v2.1.0, Buy/Sell Signal v2.0.0) and evolves as we incorporate new research and data sources. Score versions are stored alongside each computed score so historical data remains interpretable.

Questions

Questions about the scoring model can be sent to support@insidertrack.app.

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